Furthermore, the abstract underscores the essential skills and expertise required for success in the role of a Physical Design Engineer. Proficiency in Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools such as Cadence Innovus, Synopsys ICC, and Mentor Graphics Calibre is essential for executing physical design tasks efficiently and accurately. Additionally, a deep understanding of semiconductor manufacturing processes, timing closure techniques, signal integrity principles, and low-power design methodologies is indispensable for overcoming design challenges and achieving design closure.